How Solar Panels and AGM Batteries Work Together on Your Roof

In modern green buildings, solar panels have become an integral part, providing clean, renewable energy to the house and significantly reducing reliance on traditional power. As an energy storage device, lead-acid batteries work closely with solar panels to form an efficient and stable energy system. This article takes an in-depth look at how solar panels on housework and how they work with agm batteries.

How solar panels work

Solar panels, with their multiple single cells connected in series or parallel, form a component with a certain voltage and current. These components, packaged and connected, are the core part of the solar power generation system. The efficiency of solar panels, dependent on factors such as their materials, manufacturing processes, and lighting conditions, assures homeowners of their reliable and efficient energy production.

The core working principle of solar panels is based on the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight shines on the semiconductor material of the solar panel, the energy of the photons excites the electrons in the semiconductor, causing them to jump from their original bound state to free electrons, thereby forming an electric current. These currents are collected and transmitted through a series of circuits to provide electricity for the house.

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Lead-acid batteries suppliers play a key role in energy storage in this system

Working Principle of Lead-acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are widely used energy storage devices, mainly composed of positive electrodes, negative electrodes and electrolytes. During the charging process, the power supply provides electrical energy to the battery, converting lead dioxide (PbO2) on the positive plate into lead sulfate (PbSO4) and lead (Pb) on the negative plate into lead sulfate. The concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the electrolyte gradually increases. During the discharge process, the chemical energy inside the battery is converted into electrical energy and supplied to the load through an external circuit. At this time, the lead sulfate on the negative plate is converted into lead dioxide, the lead sulfate on the positive plate is converted into lead, and the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte gradually decrease.

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Lead-acid batteries store and release electrical energy through continuous charging and discharging cycles. During the charging process, it is necessary to monitor battery parameters such as voltage, current and temperature to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process.

Solar panels and lead-acid batteries

During the day, when the electricity generated by solar panels exceeds the immediate use of the house, the excess electricity is stored in the lead-acid battery. The lead-acid battery, converting electrical energy into chemical energy through internal chemical reactions, ensures a continuous supply of electricity. This means that even at night or on cloudy days when there is insufficient sunlight, homeowners can still rely on the AGM batteries to meet their basic electricity needs, providing a sense of security.

In order to ensure the collaborative working effect of solar panels and lead-acid batteries, the following points need to be noted:

Matching of voltage and capacity: The output voltage of solar panels is usually high, while the output voltage of lead-acid batteries is low, so it is necessary to use a voltage converter to convert the high voltage of solar panels into a low voltage suitable for lead-acid batteries. At the same time, it is also necessary to select the appropriate battery capacity according to actual needs to meet the needs of equipment operation.

Charging method setting: When used in conjunction, the solar panel is generally connected to the charge controller, and then the lead-acid battery is charged through the charge controller. It is necessary to set the appropriate charging current and charging voltage to ensure charging efficiency and extend battery life.

Attention to safety issues: In actual operation, it is necessary to pay attention to safety issues to avoid problems such as battery short circuit. At the same time, it is also necessary to regularly check and maintain the solar panels and lead-acid batteries to ensure their normal operation.

In summary, the solar panels on the house and the lead-acid batteries work together to provide a stable and reliable supply of clean energy for the house. With the continuous advancement of technology and the reduction of costs, this green energy system will be more widely used and promoted in the future.